ABSTRACT
Objective: Monitoring the density of Aedes(Ae.) albopictus was very important in evaluating the efficiency of vector management, especially when Aedes-borne diseases break, like Dengue fever, Chikungunya fever and Zika. Human landing catch (HLC) is regarded as the “gold standard” for Aedes monitoring, but it is unsafe and unethical since it potentially expose field professionals to a series of pathogens. In this study, we compared HLC with human-baited double net (HDN) and BG trap for field Aedes albopictus monitoring.The study aims to find an effective and safe alternative method to HLC in monitoring Ae. albopictus, especially in emergency monitoring. Methods: Latin square design was used, and three sites in Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China, were chosen to conduct outdoor HLC, HDN and BG trap catches in June. The tests were performed at three periods: a morning period (8:30-10:00), an afternoon period (15:00-16:30), and an evening period (16:30-18:00). Then a table with 81 elements was made to compare the efficiency of these three methods. Results: A total of 80, 138 and 78 adult Ae. albopitus was captured by HDN, BG trap and HLC, respectively. Among these three catches, BG trap showed the best efficacy in captured Ae. albopitus adults. The mosquitoes caught by HLC and BG trap were nearly the same at all three time series, but the density of mosquitoes caught by HDN at 16:30-18:00 was 2 times the density at 8:30-10:00 (4.44 vs 2.22 per hour). In this study, significant positive correlation between HLC and BG trap of Aedes albopitus female density was found (r=0.921, P<0.001). However, no statistical significant correlation between HLC and HDN, BG trap and HDN of Ae. albopitus female density was found (r=-0.46, P=0.820; r=0.019, P=0.923, respectively). Besides, the human-bait attraction bias of HLC catches might be more apparent than BG trap and HDN catches. Conclusions: According to our study, with high efficiency, less human-bait attraction bias, and significantly positive correlation with HLC in catching Ae. albopitus females, BG trap could be a sensitive and safer alternative to HLC for outdoor Ae. albopitus monitoring. It also showed strong potential in emergency monitoring when Aedesborne diseases break.
ABSTRACT
Objective To learn the timeliness and reasons for the delay in discovering outbreaks via a dengue fever outbreak in Zhejiang Province,and try to improve our disease monitoring system.Methods Epidemic and clinic data were collected by searching cases and epidemiological investigation,and clinic behavior of cases in dengue fever outbreak were described,then the risk factors involved in the delay in discovering outbreak were analyzed.Results Totally 46 cases were found in this outbreak,among which 36 (78.28％) cases were infected before.The onset date of the first case we found was on July 15 th,57 day before the outbreak confirmation.According to the results,95.65％ of cases see a doctor after their sickness,and the rate of three day hospital visiting was 93.36％ (42/46),among which the rate of three day hospital visiting before pathogen confirmation was 91.67％ (33/36),and there was no statistic significance in diagnostic rate before and after pathogen confirmation(P =1.00).Conclusion Cases in this dengue outbreak presented high and timely outpatient rate.Thus,the delay confirmation of dengue fever outbreak was caused by the low sensitivity of doctors in all levels of hospital.More training on dengue fever diagnosis for doctors should be carried out in the future to control and prevent dengue fever more efficiently.